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2.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 81(1): 1-5, mar. 2021. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1287233

ABSTRACT

Resumen La principal infección viral transmisible por sangre es actualmente la debida al virus de hepatitis C (VHC). Uno de los mayores obstáculos para el logro de su control en la Argentina se relaciona con las dificultades de acceso al diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno de las personas infectadas. Este estudio se realizó con el objetivo de caracterizar a los pacientes infectados con VHC que iniciaron tratamiento con antivirales de acción directa (AAD) y describir la experiencia vinculada al tratamiento. Se seleccionaron las historias clínicas de 82 pacientes, 44 (53.7%) de sexo masculino, 37 (45.1%) de sexo femenino, y uno (1.2%) transgénero. La media de edad fue de 49 años. Se halló una frecuencia de cirrosis de 39%, 32 pacientes, coinfección con HIV en 48 (58.5%) y con VHB en 27 (32.9%). En 52 (63.4%) no se observó ningún factor de riesgo claramente asociado a infección. Todos completaron la terapia, de ellos 72 (87.8%) efectuaron el control para confirmar respuesta viral sostenida (RVS), que fue de 98.6%. Concluimos que el testeo universal debe implementarse por sobre el testeo con enfoque de riesgo, y que debe promoverse un criterio de atención simplificado y descentralizado, reservando la atención especializada para pacientes con cirrosis descompensada y cáncer de hígado.


Abstract Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is currently the main blood-borne viral infection. One of the main obstacles to achieving its control in Argentina is related to difficulties in accessing the diagnosis and timely treatment of infected people. We carried out this study with the aim of characterizing the HCV-infected patients who started treatment with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) and to describe the experience related to treatment. The medical records of 82 patients, 44 (53.7%) male, 37 (45.1%) female, and one (1.2%) transgender, were selected. The mean age was 49 years. We report a frequency of cirrhosis, 39%, in 32 patients, coinfection with HIV in 48 (58.5%) and with HBV in 27 (32.9%). In 52 patients (63.4%), no risk factor clearly associated with infection was observed. All completed the therapy, of them 72 (87.8%) carried out the control to confirm sustained viral response (SVR), that attained 98.6%. We conclude that universal testing should be implemented over testing based on a risk approach, and that a simplified and decentralized care criterion should be promoted, reserving specialized care for patients with decompensated cirrhosis and liver cancer.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Hepatitis C/diagnosis , Hepatitis C/drug therapy , Hepatitis C/epidemiology , Hepatitis C, Chronic/drug therapy , Coinfection/epidemiology , Argentina/epidemiology , Hepacivirus , Liver Cirrhosis
3.
Rev. am. med. respir ; 19(1): 27-37, mar. 2019. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1041677

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Las consecuencias hemodinámicas de la hiperinflación y el enfisema se producen por compresión cardíaca debido a elevadas presiones intratorácicas, lo que produciría disfunción diastólica ventricular izquierda subclínica. Nuestro objetivo es correlacionar el porcentaje de enfisema con parámetros de función pulmonar y con el tamaño de las cámaras cardíacas, función sistólica ventricular global y función diastólica ventricular izquierda, en la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica. Materiales y Métodos: participaron pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica moderada y severa asistidos en un Servicio de Neumonología del Hospital Privado Centro Médico de Córdoba, desde el 01 de enero al 31 de octubre de 2014. Se cuantificó el volumen y porcentaje de enfisema por tomografía computada de alta resolución, se realizaron espirometría, prueba de marcha de seis minutos, determinación de volúmenes pulmonares y ecocardiograma Doppler color. Resultados: Se encontró correlación negativa y significativa del porcentaje de enfisema con el porcentaje del valor teórico del VEF1 postbroncodilatador (p = 0.005) y el cociente VEF1/CVF postbroncodilatador (p = 0.004) y; además, entre el cociente VEF1/CVF postbroncodilatador y el volumen del enfisema en cm3 (p = 0.000). De un subgrupo de 20 pacientes. Siete pacientes (35%) presentaron diagnóstico de disfunción diastólica ventricular izquierda de grado I. Se encontraron correlaciones negativas pero no significativas entre el porcentaje de enfisema con función sistólica ventricular global y el tamaño de las cámaras cardíacas. Conclusiones: Se destaca la utilidad del ecocardiograma para reducir el sub diagnóstico de disfunción diastólica ventricular izquierda. Se destaca la importancia que tendrían la hiperinflación y el enfisema en el deterioro del patrón de llenado diastólico ventricular izquierdo y en la reducción del tamaño de las cámaras cardíacas con disminución en la tolerancia al ejercicio.


Subject(s)
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive , Emphysema , Heart Failure, Diastolic
4.
Rev. am. med. respir ; 19(1): 38-48, mar. 2019. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1041678

ABSTRACT

Introduction: The hemodynamic consequences of hyperinflation and emphysema are produced by cardiac compression due to high intrathoracic pressures, which could produce subclinical left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Our purpose is to correlate the percentage of emphysema with lung function parameters and cardiac chamber sizes, the global ventricular systolic function and the left ventricular diastolic function, in cases of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Materials and Methods: The participants were patients with moderate and severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease treated in the Pulmonology Service of the Hospital Privado Centro Médico de Córdoba from January 1st to October 13th, 2014. We quantified the volume and percentage of emphysema by high resolution computed tomography and carried out a spirometry, a Six Minute Walk Test, measurement of pulmonary volumes and color Doppler echocardiography. Results: We found a significant negative correlation between the percentage of emphysema and the percentage of the post-bronchodilator FEV1 theoretical value (p = 0.005) and the post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC (Forced Expiratory Volume in First Second/Forced Vital Capacity) quotient (p = 0.004), and, also, between the post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC quotient and the emphysema volume in cm3 (p = 0.000). Out of a sub-group of 20 patients, seven patients (35%) were diagnosed with grade I left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. We found negative, but not significant correlations between the percentage of emphysema and global ventricular systolic function and cardiac chamber sizes. Conclusions: We should emphasize the usefulness of the echocardiography in reducing sub-diagnoses of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. We should also stress on the importance hyperinflation and emphysema would have in the impairment of the left ventricular diastolic filling pattern and in the decrease in cardiac chamber sizes, with a decrease in exercise tolerance.


Subject(s)
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive , Emphysema , Heart Failure, Diastolic
5.
Interdisciplinaria ; 35(2): 291-305, dic. 2018. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1019908

ABSTRACT

Con el objetivo de estudiar las pautas adultas de imitación y entonamiento afectivo que ocurren en las situaciones de juego social temprano entre adulto y bebé, se realizó un estudio longitudinal de caso único, con una díada adulto-bebé. La edad del bebé en la primera sesión, según la convención piagetiana [año; mes (día)], fue: 00; 3 (05) y en la última sesión: 00; 6 (28). Se filmaron 8 sesiones de interacción espontánea de la díada, en su hogar, cada 15 días. De cada sesión se seleccionaron los primeros 10 minutos de juego social temprano. Con este material se generó una video-secuencia de juego social temprano a la que se le aplicó un código observacional con categorías para las pautas de actividades de coincidencia maternas (imitación y entonamiento afectivo). Los datos obtenidos en este estudio indican que las actividades de coincidencia maternas de imitación y entonamiento afectivo aparecen en todo el período estudiado, con una frecuencia de dos eventos de coincidencia por minuto de juego social temprano. Se observó que las pautas de entonamiento afectivo materno casi duplican a las de imitación entre los 3 y 6 meses de vida del bebé. Asimismo, se registró que la mayoría de los entonamientos afectivos fueron transmodales y que la madre utilizó su voz como modalidad conductual privilegiada para establecer coincidencias comportamentales con su bebé, ya sea a través de la imitación o del entonamiento. Las imitaciones maternas más frecuentes ocurrieron como respuesta a las vocalizaciones del bebé y los entonamientos afectivos fueron provocados principalmente por los movimientos del bebé.


This paper focuses on two specific matching activities of maternal behavior in early social play: imitation and affect attunement. Imitationis a pattern of frequent interaction between adult and baby, providing a pleasant experience to both participants. In that context, imitation is not only bi-directional, but it is the adult who imitates more frequently. Affect attunement is an intuitive and fleeting interaction pattern, through which the adult attunes to the baby's affective state. It is a matching activity, where the amodal features of the infant's behavior (intensity, temporal organization, spatial pattern and / or quantity) are reflected through a different conduct. Previous research indicates that during the first 6 months of the baby's life, the adult very often uses imitation as well as affect attunement for interacting (which involves performing a different behavior than the baby's in which the adult matches the intensity, temporal pattern, spatial pattern, and / or the amount of the child's original behavior). Maternal affect attunement events have been observed from 2 months of age, and the frequency ratio between affect attunement and maternal imitation has been observed to change in ontogenetic development: between the baby's 2nd and 6th months the adult's imitative activity occurs at higher rates; while in the second half of the first year of life, the relationship is reversed. This paper presents the results of a longitudinal case study on a mother-infant dyad, about maternal imitation and affect attunement behaviors in early social play situations between the 3rd and 6th months of the baby's life. According to Piaget's convention [year; month (day)], the baby's age was 00; 3(05) in the first session, and 00; 6 (28) in the last session. Every 15 days, a total of 8 sessions of the dyad's spontaneous interaction, were filmed in their home. From each session, the first 10 minutes of early social play were selected. With this material a video-sequence of early social play was generated to which an observational code with categories for maternal matching activity patterns (imitation and affect attunement) was applied. The percentage of each category's occurrence in each evolutionary period was calculated. The data obtained in this study indicate that maternal matching activities of imitation and affect attunement appear from the beginning of the studied period. These results confirm those previously obtained in other studies that show the early emergence of adult imitation and affect attunement behavioral patterns. The data also indicate that matching activities of imitation and affect attunement appear throughout the studied period with a frequency of two events perminute of early social play. These results partially confirm those previously obtained in other studies. The new information obtained in our study concerns the frequency of both reciprocity patterns, and the type of behavior of the mother and baby involved in these matching activities. Patterns of maternal affect attunement almost double those of imitation between the baby's 3rd and 6th months. It was also reported that most affect attunements were transmodal and that the mother used her voice as a privileged way to establish a behavioral match with her baby, either through imitation or affect attunement. The most frequent maternal imitations occurred in response to the baby's vocalizations, and affect attunements were caused mainly by the baby's movements. Without detracting from the dyad's intense vocal activity already registered in the field's literature, the high frequency of affect attunements in response to infant movement highlights a trait less noticed in previous research: the adult's mastery in reading the baby's body and movement.

6.
Interface (Botucatu, Online) ; 22(65): 359-371, abr.-jun. 2018.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-893479

ABSTRACT

En el presente artículo analizamos la distancia entre el plan de salud vigente en la provincia de Río Negro, Argentina, el marco de oportunidades y recursos que brinda el Estado y las actividades de cuidado que se llevan a cabo en un Centro de Salud ubicado en la ciudad de San Carlos de Bariloche desde un enfoque de derechos. Ponemos en diálogo el plan de salud provincial con las percepciones del personal de dicho centro surgidas de entrevistas en profundidad, observaciones y grupos focales, analizando indicadores de estructura y de proceso.(AU)


In this paper we analyze the distance between the actual health plan of Rio Negro province, Argentina, the framework of opportunities and resources provided by the State, and care activities carried out in a Health Center in the city of San Carlos de Bariloche from a rights-based approach. We established a dialogue between the provincial health plan and the perceptions of the center's staff that emerged from in-depth interviews, observations and focus groups, analyzing indicators of structure and process.(AU)


Neste artigo analisamos a distância entre o plano de saúde atual, na província de Rio Negro, Argentina, o quadro de oportunidades e recursos fornecidos pelas atividades do Estado e os cuidados realizados em um Centro de Saúde localizado no San Carlos de Bariloche a partir de uma perspectiva de direitos. Estabelecemos um diálogo entre o plano de saúde do Centro da província e as percepções da equipe do referido Centro, que emergiram de entrevistas em profundidade, observações e grupos focais, analisando indicadores de estrutura e processo.(AU)


Subject(s)
Delivery of Health Care , Health Centers , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care , Right to Health
7.
Paidéia (Ribeiräo Preto) ; 26(65): 377-385, Sept.-Dec. 2016.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-794754

ABSTRACT

An interpretative review of research on adult-infant interactions involving the analysis of movement behaviors is presented, systematically linking previous studies to current research on the subject. Forty-two articles analyzing the dyad's interactive movement in the period 1970-2015 were found. Twelve papers were excluded, including only those that studied the phenomenon in the baby's first year of life. The results revealed that movement was a central topic in early interaction studies in the 70s. In the 1980's and 1990's, its study was marginal and it is currently resurging under the embodiment perspective. The conceptual framework and research methods used in the pioneering work are presented, and the thematic foci shared with current research are highlighted. Thus, essential keys are provided for the updated study of early interactions from a multimodal perspective.


O objetivo desta revisão é apresentar os antecedentes da investigação do movimento em interações adultos-bebês durante o primeiro ano de vida e relacioná-los sistematicamente com os trabalhos atuais na área. Foram encontrados 42 artigos que analisam o movimento interativo da díade no período de 1970-2015. Foram excluídos 12 estudos, incluindo apenas aqueles que estudaram o fenômeno no primeiro ano de vida do bebê. Os resultados revelaram que o movimento foi um tema central em estudos de interações iniciais mãe-bebê na década de 1970. Nas décadas de 1980 e 1990, seu estudo foi marginal e atualmente está ressurgindo na perspectiva do embodiment. Assim, são apresentados o quadro conceitual e os métodos de pesquisa utilizados no trabalho pioneiro, destacando-se os focos temáticos partilhados entre eles e a pesquisa atual. Deste modo, proporcionam-se chaves essenciais para o estudo atualizado de interações iniciais a partir de uma perspectiva multimodal.


El objetivo de esta revisión es exponer los antecedentes de investigación del movimiento en interacciones adulto-bebé durante el primer año de vida y vincularlos sistemáticamente con los actuales trabajos sobre este tópico. Se encontraron 42 artículos de análisis del movimiento interactivo de la díada en el periodo 1970-2015. Se excluyeron 12 trabajos, incluyendo sólo los que estudiaron el fenómeno en el primer año de vida del bebé. Los resultados revelaron que el movimiento fue un tópico central en estudios sobre interacciones tempranas en los años 1970, en las décadas del 1980 y 1990 su estudio fue marginal y actualmente está resurgiendo en el marco del embodiment. Se presenta el marco conceptual y los métodos de investigación utilizados en los trabajos pioneros y se destacan los focos temáticos compartidos entre éstos y las actuales investigaciones. De este modo, se brindan claves esenciales para el estudio actualizado de las interacciones tempranas desde una perspectiva multimodal.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child Development , Music , Parent-Child Relations , Play and Playthings
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